Why your knees are hurt: Reason -because to do

Knee pain is a widespread symptom, signaling of distress in the body - the occurrence of joint disease or just an increase in foot load.

It is difficult to find people who have never experienced pain in the knee during a certain period of time.Different discomfort, clicks or pain in the knee joint occur in both adults and children for many reasons.Older people become, the higher the possibility of various diseases, the first sign of the knee pain.This is due to the characteristics of the body's age: slowing down the metabolic process, wearing cartilage tissue, participating in other problems with the musculoskeletal system, blood vessels, nerves.

Due to the complex anatomical structure, many of the many structures and loads are experienced, and often excess, the knee joints are very exposed.Damage to any structural element, for example, synovial bags, leads to violation of knee motor function and, thus, pain syndrome.Ligaments and menisci are considered weakest, they are injured in 80-85% of cases.

The anatomical structure of the knee

The knee consists of the knee joints, the distal tip of the femur with two tumors and jackets, tibia tubes, muscles, nerves, vessels, ligaments, patella (knee cup), articular bags and meniscus.

The knee joint is one of the large joints of the body.The femoral bone approached him from above.The articular surface of the side (external) and medial (internal) condyles are articulated with patella and tibia.Menishi, which is a cartilage of connective tissue, acts as a joint shock absorber.Thanks to them, the rational distribution of human weight in the tiger plain occurs and the stability of joint improvement.Fine muscles, two-headed, back half and others synchronize capsule-ligaments, ensuring motor activity of the knee joint.

The knee elements are connected to many ligaments.Inside the joints are two cross -shaped ligaments - back and front.Hobbies are connected to fiber and tibia with collateral ligaments.Slanting Ligamen popliteal is located behind the knee joint exchange.The main synovial capsule, does not communicate with the joints, is distinguished from several articular cavities.The blood supply to the knee elements is done by the noble blood vessel network, and conservation is done by nerve fibers.

The cause of the knee pain

There are many causes of knee joint pain, which can be divided into several groups.

Traumatic wounds elements -Knee elements:

1. Bitter knee.As a result of the blood vessel gap, local bleeding occurs in the soft tissue of the joints.Redness, swelling, damage to the nerves causes pain, difficulty in movement.
2. Breaking full or partial ligaments.Often, a partial violation of the integrity of the internal side ligaments, which arise from over the lower leg, diagnosed.

The outer ligaments break less than the internal.This is due to the strong deviation of the lower leg inward, when turning on the leg for example.Cross -shaped ligaments are inevitable accompanied by hemarthrosis.

The second complete break -two ligaments are often combined with damage to the joint bag, ripping the internal meniscus.Such injuries lead to excessive mobility of the knee joint, accompanied by severe pain, intensity depending on the level of the gap.

1. Hemarthrosis of the knee joint - Pour blood into the joint cavity.There is a traumatic and non -human nature.Traumatic hemarthrosis is observed with a breakdown of meniscus, full or incomplete ligaments, intraarticular fractures, knee area bruises.Non -human choice is one of the symptoms of a disease characterized by an improvement in the blood vessel wall or a violation of the blood clotting system.These include hemophilia, scurvy, severe forms of hemorrhagic diashesis.The blood that has accumulated in the joint cavity compresses the tissue, disrupting the blood circulation in it.Special pigments - hemosiderin - negatively affect ligaments, hyaline cartilage, synovial bags, leading to loss of elasticity.The result of joint roof wounds is villi swelling and increased fluid production.The result of repeated bleeding is distrophy and destruction of joints.
2. Meniscopathy knees - Violation of the integrity of the knee joint meniscus.In the form of the side, the external meniscus is damaged, with the medial - internal.This is one of the most common, but it is difficult to diagnose damage to the knee joint.In the risk zone the disease is not only athletes involved in intensive training, but also ordinary people.Meniscus breakdowns can come from unusual movements when turning on the body, turning on the feet, a strong blow to the knee.
3. Knee -shaped cup - Patella pathology transfer.Trauma is diagnosed not more than 0.7% of cases of dislocation.There is usually an external, less frequent - internal, very rare - vertical or torsion.With incomplete breakdown, the knee cup is determined on the lateral (external), full -time condyle, from the outside of the side condyle.
4. The fractures are closed or open to the knee joint, the upper part of the lower bone or the lower spine. Such injuries are often combined with damage to the soft tissue of the knee, causing large bleeding -excessive mobility in the knee area, deformation.

Inflammatory and degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the articular elements of the knee:

1. Arthritis - Inflammatory damage to the knee joint.The same mechanism for pathological development is observed with osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout (with deposition of veins into the joints).
2. Osteoarthrosis (gonarthrosis) With the defeat of the knee joint non -inflammatory properties, which affect all its structures and lead to serious degenerative changes.
3. Bursitis With synovial inflammation, the exchange leads to pain during bending and prolonging movement in the knee.
4. Tendon periarthritis knee joint - Inflammation of the goose capsule, knee tendon, as well as muscles and ligaments around the joints.In this case, pain occurs mainly during descent on the stairs, especially with heavy loads, and focuses on the inner surface of the knee.
5. Chondropathy of patella -Degenerative-non-chic in the articular (back) patella surface cartilage.The degree of destruction can vary: from areas that soften light to complete cracks and abrasions.

6. Chondromatosis - Serious chronic disease caused by the displaced process with the degeneration of small islands of the articular membrane in the cartilage - chondrom.Announcement of individual cartilaginous body is not excluded.
7. Cyst baker - The formation of a solid elastic round tumor formation in the popliteal fossa located across the patella.Cyst is clearly visible in a knee -exposed state.Causes discomfort, pain in the popliteal region.With significant size, it reduces blood vessels and nerves, leading to circulation and blood circulation.
8. Disease - Disease, accompanied by damage and further degeneration of adipose tissue located around the knee joint.Pinches, edema and other damage to fat cells - adipocytes - ends with their replacement with dense fibrous tissue.As a result, the "fat pillow" buffer function is interrupted, the adipose tissue itself cannot play the role of shock absorption.
9. Osgud disease -swerter disease - a pathology characterized by the killing of the Tibia.Diagnostics in adolescents from 10 to 18 years of playing sports.Painful bumps appear under the patella, without treatment, leading to complete leg restrictions or immobilization, as well as muscle hypotophy.

The disease in which the irradiation of pain in the knee is possible:

1. Chocolate of the hip joint - Chronic damage to the hip joint, accompanied by progressive degeneration and dystrophic changes in it.Usually the pain spreads to the outer surface of the thigh to the knee or below.
2. Sedular nerve neuropathy - Non -inflammatory damage to the nerves due to compression compression or spasming blood vessels.The nerves reach the legs, start in the lower back and pass through the tailbone and pelvis.Restrictions at any point for its length leads to impaired sensitivity or pulsating pain.
3. Fibromyalgia - Extremial defeat of soft tissue Non -inflammatory properties with a combination of symptoms in the form of arthralgia, muscle weakness, depression, etc.

Some systemic diseases that cause knee pain:

1. Osteoporosis - Chronic progressive bone system disease, changing mineral composition and bone density."Leaching" calcium from the bone leads to their fragility.This process is accompanied by smoke or pain in the limbs.
2. Tuberculosis bone.Tuberculous wounds from the bone site lead to severe pain.
3. Osteomyelitis -Infectious and inflammatory traits, which affect all elements of bone structure.As a result of both specific, for example, tuberculosis, and non -specific, more frequent coccal, osteomyelitis is skin hyperemia, edema, local acute pain in bone and muscle, fever temperature.
4. Some contagious diseases.With reiter syndrome, in addition to involving urogenital tract and eye mucosa, the joints are affected.One of the manifestations of lyme disease is arthralgia.

The type of knee pain

Depending on the etiology, the nature and intensity of the pain can vary.

• Sore.With arthritis, osteoarthrosis.
• Acute, strong.With fractures -knee elements, ligaments rupture, acute bracelets, knee bruises, meniscopathy severity, osteoarthrosis deformation.
• Throb.With arthrosis launched, meniscus injury.
• Drill.With osteomyelitis.
• Stupid.With ass, chronic osteochondritis.
• Burn.With sciatic nerve compression, the process of tuberculosis in the bone.
• Shoot. When pinching the nerve trunk.
• Ill when walking.With baker cyst, buckthrough, arthritis, gonarthrosis, periarthride.
• Pain only. With gout, arthritis.

A pathological diagnosis that causes knee pain

Physical examination:

• collect anamnesis and complaints;
• Visual examination with knee palpation.

Laboratory research:

• Biochemical and clinical blood tests;
• Serological blood tests;
• Immunological blood tests;
• rheumatological tests;
• Synovial fluid bacteriological analysis.

Invasive Instrumental Methods:

• arthroscopy;
• puncture of the joint bag;
• Biopy bone stab.

Unsuccessful instrumental diagnosis:

• Radiography of the knee joint;
• densitometry;
• Ultrasound joint studies;
• MRI or CT.

Knee pain treatment

If pain in one or both knees is a non -human nature of the event, then you must first turn to the therapist, who, based on the patient's complaint and the results of the objective examination, will direct to a narrow specialist - an orthopedic, rheumatologist, a flebologist or a neurologist.In the event of any injury, you should contact the surgeon or orthopedic trauma.

The treatment in each case is different, depending on the cause of the pain, that is, on the type of injury or disease.Each disease has its own treatment regimen.But first, the patient must adhere to some general rules:

• significantly reducing the climbing period and staying on the feet during the day;
• Temporary athletes (before recovery) leave training, and ordinary people from running or jumping;
• When increasing the pain, it is true -actually leaving a movement, use a setting from elastic bandage to the knee;
• Wear wraps or bandages for knee joint immobilization;
• With bruises, it is cold in a traumatic effect.

Rheumatoid, psoriatic arthritis, systemic autoimmune diseases require serious integrated treatment, which is performed for months.Basic therapy consists of immunosuppressors, anti -inflammatory drugs and non -Hormones, gold preparations, etc.

In the treatment of bursitis, painkillers and anti -anti -anti -medications are used.If the infection is detected, then an antibiotic course.Bag therapeutic stab is performed to remove excess fluid from the synovial cavity and/or the introduction of one of their corticosteroids.This operation helps eliminate chronic inflammation of the brush - isolation of synovial bag surgery.

With osteoarthrosis deformation, intra -articular injection of glucocorticosteroids, prolonged intake of NSAIDs and chondroprotectors are effective.To relieve the pain syndrome, compress with dimexide or bischophytes, ointments and gels with anti -anti -anticipated effects locally prescribed.Massage, physiotherapy, therapeutic gymnastics help.Wounds of severe knee joints require surgical intervention - joint endoprostetics.

Treatment of osteoporosis consists of taking bisphosphonates, calcitonin, calcium preparations, vitamin D, etc.

Treatment of meniscus can be conservative or surgery.Conservative therapy consists of analgesics, NSAIDs, hyaluronic acid, chondroprotectors.But first, a joint restructuring is done.

Type of surgical intervention:

• Meniscectomy;
• partial (incomplete) meniscectomy;
• meniscus transfer;
• arthroscopy;
• Arthroscopic stitch breaking meniscus.

With any knee injury, after treatment, the recovery period, which should occur under the control of rehabilitology or orthopedis, is very important.Doctors will set up an optimal joint recovery program.The main method of postoperative recovery is massage and therapeutic gymnastics.Classes on special simulators are also effective, gradually developing the knee joint.